Determination of Methylamines and Methylamine-N-oxides in Particulate Matter Using Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Ion Chromatography / 分析化学

A novel method for determination of methylamines and methylamine-N-oxides in fine particles using solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ion chromatography (IC) was developed. The experimental conditions including solid phase extraction and chromatographic condition were optimized. The quartz filter loaded with particulate matter (PM) samples was ultrasonically extracted with 20 mL of methanol and water (1:3,V/V) mixture and the extraction process repeated for another 2 times. After the extraction, a total of 60 mL of extraction solvent was dropped into the extraction equipment in solid phase column. The Agilent AccuBond C18was chosen for enriching the methylamine,dimethylamine,trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide in fine particles. Under the optimum conditions, the target species on Agilent Accu Bond C18were washed by 0. 5 mL of acetonitrile solution and then concentrated into a constant volume (2 mL) before injecting into IC for analysis. A 250 mm×4 mm id PRP X-200 column was used for the separation of analytes at the temperature of 25oC. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile solution (3%, V/V) and nitric acid (5 mmol/L) with the flow rate being kept at 1 mL/min. The four aliphatic amine species were fully resolved and the separations were completed within 30 min. The linearity of the four compounds ranged from 0.45 to 1000 μg/kg with the precisions of 2%-4% and the detection limits of 0.002-0.003 μg/m3. The recoveries of four aliphatic amine species in real environmental samples were higher than 90%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of real fine particle samples collected at Beijing. The concentrations of trimethylamine and methylamine-N-oxides were in the range of 0.01-0.08 μg/m3and 0.02-0.14 μg/m3for Beijing dust and haze samples,respectively.

Effect of orthokeratology on progression of juvenile myopia and the relative influencing factors / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the effect of orthokeratology on progression of juvenile myopia and analysis its influencing factors.METHODS: Totally 97 patients (189 eyes,aging from 8 to 17 years old) who received orthokeratology lenses treatment in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014,were followed up for 2a.The visual acuity,corneal curvature,diopter,and ocular axial length were observed.Factors of influencing myopia progress in juvenile were analyzed.RESULTS: At 1mo after receiving orthokeratology contact lenses,the visual acuity and corneal curvature were changed compared with that of before(P<0.001).After 2a of receiving orthokeratology contact lenses,the difference was significant compared with baseline: spherical equivalence (-0.51±0.64D,t=10.864,P<0.001),axial length(0.33±0.31mm,t=14.879,P<0.001),corneal astigmatism (-0.25±0.43D,t=5.375,P<0.001).Statistic analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the spherical equivalence and age,baseline of diopter or ocular axial length(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology can effectively improve the visual acuity of patients.Although there is slightly progression in diopter and ocular length after 2a of wearing orthokeratology contact lenses.Orthokeratology is an effective treatment on controlling progression of juvenile myopia,especially in the elder children who with the longer basic axial length and the greater diopter.

Association of gene polymorphism of SDH gene with type 2 diabetic retinopathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Some aboard studies showed that polyatomic pathway play an important role in the microsvasculopathy of type 2 diabetes,and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) gene is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy(DR).There is no relevant research at home up to now.Objective This study was to investigate the correlation of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) G-888C gene polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The SDH genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reactionreaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 187 patients with diabetes and 123 normal contrels.Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of DR(DR:n=118;NDR:n=69).The frequencies of SDH genotype and allele were assayed and compared among these groups.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Guangdong General Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from each individual prior to any relevant medical procedure.Results The disease course in the DR group was significantly longer than that in NDR group(t=2.070,P=0.042),and other clinical features in both groups were non-significant (all P>0.05).The genotype frequencies in the DR group,NDR group and normal control group were 24.6%,8.7% and 8.1%,respectively,and frequencies of the G allele were 42.4%,25.4% and 29.7%,showing statistically significant differences among these three groups.The GG genotype and G allele frequencies were significantly higher in the DR group than those in the NDR group and normal control group (GG:P=0.007,P=0.001;G:P=0.001,P=0.004).There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the GG genotype and G allele between the NDB group and normal control group ( P>0. 05) as well as the proliferative DR group and non-proliferative DR group (P>0.05).Conclusion SDH G-888C gene polymorphism is associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy in southern Chinese.

The regulatory effect and mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides on CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) dendritic cell / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on IL-12-secreting dendritic cell (DC) subset CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Spleen CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC and CD4(+)T lymphocytes in BALB/c mice were purified by magnetic beads sorting, and were treated with 0 (as control), 50, 100, 200 µg/mL APS. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to determine expressions of CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC surface molecules, including CD40, CD80, CD86, I-A/E, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. IL-12 level in CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. The CD4(+) T lymphocytes were divided into: normal control group, non-stimulation group (CD4(+)T lymphocytes cocultured with APS-unstimulated CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC), high-dose APS stimulation group (CD4(+)T lymphocytes cocultured with 200 µg/mL APS-stimulated CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC), high-dose APS stimulation+antibody 1 group (CD4(+)T lymphocytes cocultured with 200 µg/mL APS-stimulated CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC and IL-12 antibody), high-dose APS stimulation+ antibody 2 group (CD4(+)T lymphocytes cocultured with 200 µg/mL APS-stimulated CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC and IL-12 antibody isotype). Proliferation ability of CD4(+) T lymphocytes was determined with MTT method. IL-4 level as well as IFN-γ level in CD4(+)T lymphocyte culture supernatant was determined by flow cytometry. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in control, the expressions of CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC surface molecules (except for CD86) on CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC surface, as well as IL-12-secreting level with dose-dependence were increased in cells stimulated with 50, 100, 200 µg/mL APS. Proliferation ability of CD4(+)T lymphocytes in high-dose APS stimulation group was higher as compared with that in non-stimulation group (F = 13.438, P < 0.05). IFN-γ level in high-dose APS stimulation group \[(2784 ± 137) pg/mL\] was higher than that in non-stimulation group \[(1952 ± 101) pg/mL, F = 12.177, P < 0.05\]. IL-4 level in high-dose APS stimulation group was (172 ± 20) pg/mL, which was lower than that in non-stimulation group \[(193 ± 19) pg/mL, F = 11.963, P < 0.05\]. Proliferation ability of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, IFN-γ level, and IL-4 level in high-dose APS stimulation + antibody 1 group were all ameliorated when compared with those in non-stimulation group; while levels of the 3 indexes in high-dose APS stimulation + antibody 2 group were similar to those in high-dose APS stimulation group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>APS can activate IL-12-producing CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC, and further induce the activation of immune function of T lymphocyte with shifting of Th2 to Th1 in vitro. APS can enhance the immune response via promoting the phenotypic and functional maturation of CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DC.</p>

Inflammatory response and immune regulation of high mobility group box-1 protein in treatment of sepsis / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

Sepsis is an infection induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome and is a major cause of morbidity as well as mortality in intensive care units. A growing body of evidence suggests that the activation of a proinflammatory cascade is responsible for the development of immune dysfunction, susceptibility to severe sepsis and septic shock. The present theories of sepsis as a dysregulated inflammatory response and immune function, as manifested by excessive release of inflammatory mediators such as high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), are supported by increasing studies employing animal models and clinical observations of sepsis. HMGB1, originally described as a DNA-binding protein and released passively by necrotic cells and actively by macrophages/monocytes, has been discovered to be one of essential cytokines that mediates the response to infection, injury and inflammation. A growing number of studies still focus on the inflammation-regulatory function and its contribution to infectious and inflammatory disorders, recent data suggest that HMGB1 formation can also markedly influence the host cell-mediated immunity, including T lymphocytes and macrophages. Here we review emerging evidence that support extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of septic complications, and discuss the therapeutic potential of several HMGB1-targeting agents in experimental sepsis. In addition, with the development of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years, it has been proven that traditional Chinese herbal materials and their extracts have remarkable effective in treating severe sepsis. In this review, we therefore provide some new concepts of HMGB1-targeted Chinese herbal therapies in sepsis.

Application of both expanded cutaneous flap and temporoparietal fascia flap in ear reconstruction with Medpor framework / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and results of application of both expanded cutaneous flap and temporoparietal fascia flap in total ear reconstruction with Medpor framework.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The main procedure consists of two stages: Stage I-skin expansion; Stage II -auricle formation consists of orientation of Medpor implant and creation of coverage for the implant by both expanded skin flap and temporoparietal fascia flap.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two ears in 22 unilateral microtia patients were constructed using Medpor implants covered with both expanded cutaneous flap and temporoparietal fascia flap over the last three years, they were accepted as pleasing by the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Application of both expanded cutaneous flap and temporoparietal fascia flap can assure no extrusion of Medpor implant in ear reconstruction. Either more, the two layers of transferred tissues will not affect the profile details of the reconstructed ear. And because the skin covering the framework and fascia is derived from mastoid region, the appearance and profile of the reconstructed auricle is true to nature and close to that of the opposite one.</p>

Influence of the escharectomy during stock stage on the peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis and the antigen presentation function of monocytes in peripheral blood of scalded rats / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of escharectomy at different time-points after burn injury on the lymphocyte apoptosis and the antigen presentation function of monocytes in peripheral blood of scalded rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control ( C,n = 8 ), scald ( S, n = 64,without treatment after scald) , A ( n = 40, with escharectomy at 36 post-burn hour( PSH) ) , B ( n = 24, with escharectomy at 72 PSH ) groups. The rats in A , B, S groups were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald. The rats in S group were sacrificed on 6,12,24,72,120,168,216, 288 PSH, while those in A and B groups were sacrificed at 72 -288 PSH, 168 -288PSH, respectively. The rats in C group were also sacrificed as control. The apoptotic rate of peripheral lymphocytes, the positive expression rate of MHC- II in mononuclear cells, the changes in concentration of IL-4 and gamma-IFN were determined in each group. The correlation of above indices were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The apoptotic rate of peripheral lymphocyte in S group were increased dramatically at 6PSH, peaking at 24 PSH( 18. 19+/-1.42% ) , then decreasing gradually, reaching the lowest level at 72 PSH(8. 25+/-0.56% ) , then it increased gradually again, approaching almost the peak value at 288 PSH( 17.81 +/- 1.99% ). The values were all obviously higher than those in C group( P <0.05). The apoptotic rates of peripheral lymphocyte in A and B groups were evidently lower than that in S group ( P <0. 01). (2) The positive expression rate of MHC-II in monocyte was decreased sharply at 6 PSH, and it was 20% lower than that in C group (37. 2 +/- 2. 4% ) at 24 PSH. It then increased gradually, but it was significantly lower than that in A, B groups at 288 PSH (18. 8 +/-2. 8, P <0.01). (3) The plasma level of y-IFN in S group increased gradually from 6 PSH on, peaking at 24 PSH(440. 8 +/-25. 1 )ng/L,then decreasing gradually , and it reached the lowest level at 288 PSH (51.3 +/-37.0) ng/L. The IL-4 level in S group was increased gradually ,peaking at 288 PSH (78. 1+/-2. 8) ng/L. (4) There was negative correlation between the expression rate of MHC- II in S group and IL-4/gamma-IFN ratio in escharectomy groups during 72 - 288 PSH ( r = - 0. 96, P < 0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Eacharectomy after scald can inhibit peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis, slow down the insertional tendency of IL-4/gamma-IFN , and ameliorate the antigen presentation function of monocytes. Moreover, escharectomy during shock stage can markedly promote the immune function of monocytes.</p>

Study and application of cerebral state monitor evaluating coma in cases with brain injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of cerebral state index(CSI),burst suppression (BS)and electromyograph(EMG)in monitoring coma/consciousness depth and damage degree of brain. Methods CSM was done in 50 cases with brain injury and coma to analyze its relation with physical reflection,auditory evoked potential(AEP),Glasgow coma score(GCS)and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS).Results As scale range meaning from consciousness to deep coma and to brain death,CSI 0- 100 was positively correlated with coma depth,coma score of GCS and physical reflection.CSI changes under invariable ache stimulation in combination with BS and EMG can accurately estimate prognosis and quantify changes of brain function.Conclusions The quantifiable digit of coma/consciousness depth and damage degree in brain function by CSM can attain real time judgment of dynamic evolvement course of coma and objective guide clinical therapy and assure prognosis,as will change absolutely scoring coma/ consciousness depth and prognosis under current state of artificial diversity and lacking objective evi- dences.